The Product Types Ontology for Semantic Web-based E-Commerce
PTO: The Product Types Ontology for Semantic Web-based E-Commerce
The Product Types Ontology: Good identifiers for product types based on Wikipedia
This service provides GoodRelations-compatible class definitions for any type of product or service that has an entry in the English Wikipedia.
Vocabulary: http://www.productontology.org/#
Namespace: http://www.productontology.org/
The Product Types Ontology is designed to be used in combination with GoodRelations, a standard vocabulary for the commercial aspects of offers.
See http://purl.org/goodrelations/ for more information.
2024-03-29T10:06:28.912969
The class abstracts and translations of labels are taken from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Martin Hepp
The class definition texts are taken from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0) license, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. Accordingly, all ontology class definitions provided in here are available under the very same license.
E-Commerce, E-Business, GoodRelations, Ontology, Wikipedia, DBPedia
Bribery
Bribery is the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official, or other person, in charge of a public or legal duty and to incline him to act contrary to his duty and the known rules of honesty and integrity. With regard to governmental operations, essentially, bribery is "Corrupt solicitation, acceptance, or transfer of value in exchange for official action." Bung is British slang for a bribe.
Gifts of money or other items of value that are otherwise available to everyone on an equivalent basis, and not for dishonest purposes, are not bribery. Offering a discount or a refund to all purchasers is a legal rebate and is not bribery. For example, it is legal for an employee of a Public Utilities Commission involved in electric rate regulation to accept a rebate on electric service that reduces their cost of electricity, when the rebate is available to other residential electric customers. However, giving a discount specifically to that employee to influence them to look favorably on the electric utility's rate increase applications would be considered bribery.
A bribe is an illegal or unethical gift or lobbying effort bestowed to influence the recipient's conduct. It may be money, goods, rights in action, property, preferment, privilege, emolument, objects of value, advantage, or merely a promise to induce or influence the action, vote, or influence of a person in an official or public capacity.
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 16 has a target to substantially reduce corruption and bribery of all forms as part of an international effort aimed at ensuring peace, justice, and strong institutions.
Society often goes through changes that bring long-lasting positive or negative complications. Similar has been the case with bribery, which brought negative changes to societal norms as well as to trade. The researchers found that when bribery becomes part of social norms, one approach is not enough to tackle bribery due to the existence of different societies in different countries. If severe punishment works in one country, it doesn't necessarily mean that severe punishment would work in another country to prevent bribery. Also, the research found that bribery plays a significant role in public and private firms around the world.
(Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bribery)
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